"Erika" model typewriter, once belonging to Soya Metlitskaya.
On this typewriter, the historian S. Metlitskaya typed and copied critical texts by the songwriter and actor Vladimir Vysotsky, the writers Arkady and Boris Strugatsky and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, and the poet Osip Mandelstam, who died in the Gulag in 1938.
Source: "Memorial" Collection, Moscow
"Erika" model typewriter, once belonging to Soya Metlitskaya.
On this typewriter, the historian S. Metlitskaya typed and copied critical texts by the songwriter and actor Vladimir Vysotsky, the writers Arkady and Boris Strugatsky and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, and the poet Osip Mandelstam, who died in the Gulag in 1938.
Source: "Memorial" Collection, Moscow
"Erika" model typewriter, once belonging to Soya Metlitskaya.
On this typewriter, the historian S. Metlitskaya typed and copied critical texts by the songwriter and actor Vladimir Vysotsky, the writers Arkady and Boris Strugatsky and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, and the poet Osip Mandelstam, who died in the Gulag in 1938.
Source: "Memorial" Collection, Moscow
"Erika" model typewriter, once belonging to Soya Metlitskaya.
On this typewriter, the historian S. Metlitskaya typed and copied critical texts by the songwriter and actor Vladimir Vysotsky, the writers Arkady and Boris Strugatsky and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, and the poet Osip Mandelstam, who died in the Gulag in 1938.
Source: "Memorial" Collection, Moscow
Yevgenia Ginzburg, Journey into the Whirlwind, undated, carbon copy of typescript (samizdat), only partially extant.
A photo of the author accompanies this copy of the manuscript. Y. Ginzburg (1906-1977), history lecturer, writer, prison and camp custody from 1937 to 1947, arrested again in 1949, in exile until 1955; her arduously reproduced memoirs initially circulated in the underground before the first part was published in Russian in Milan in 1967.
Source: Research Centre for East European Studies, Universität Bremen
During "Perestroika" under Mikhail Gorbachev, the Gulag and Stalinist repressions in general once again became a topic of public discussion. The CPSU's efforts to reverse this development failed for good when the USSR collapsed in 1991. The critical reappraisal of the Communist dictatorship and the gulag still meets with resistance but is no longer taboo.
The call for the critical examination of the country's past became louder after 1985. The "Memorial" Society demanded the erection of a central monument to the victims of repression, and a reappraisal of the persecution. The "Memorial" staff was involved in the drafting of rehabilitation laws, while also working to collect reports on the Gulag and make them available especially for work with young people. At the same time, "Memorial" advocates comprehensive democratization and unwavering commitment to human rights. The society is today the most important of the institutions and associations which - meanwhile several in number - work in a similar manner.
Chronicle of Current Events, illegal dissidents' magazine in the Soviet Union, 31 Dec 1969.
This underground magazine was produced from 1968 to 1983 by the authors themselves as a "samizdat" publication, and was subsequently continued in the form of news bulletins. It provided information on human rights violations, arrests, trials, demonstrations and new underground publications in the Soviet Union. Founded by a small circle of critical intellectuals in Moscow, it came to represent an ever more important medium for dissidents.
Source: Research Centre for East European Studies, Universität Bremen
Report by Yevgenia Ginzburg, 1989 (1 min.) in German
Following Khrushchev's overthrow, the editors of the Yunost magazine refused to publish her memoirs as originally planned. They turned the manuscript over to the Marx-Engels-Lenin Institute in Moscow "for safekeeping".
Source: Eugenia Semenovna Ginzburg, Within the Whirlwind, Boston, 2002
